Table of Content:

Breif introduction about the dataset:

Fitbit dataset consist of 30 Fitbit users records between 03.12.2016-05.12.2016 this data were collected by respondents to a distributed survey via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Fitbit users have submitted there personal tracking data.

Dataset Source:

Main Question to answer in this Report :

  1. How much active the users using fitbit tracker?
  2. What factors could affect the activity level of the user?
  3. Is there any improvement in the users weight?

read data

  1. dailyActivity_merged.csv
  2. hourlyIntensities_merged.csv
  3. weightLogInfo_merged.csv
df_fitness <- read.csv(file = '~/Documents/My_website/content/post/2022-02-09-fitbit-fitness-tracker-analysis/data/dailyActivity_merged.csv')

Exploring the dataset

knitr::kable(head(df_fitness))
Id ActivityDate TotalSteps TotalDistance TrackerDistance LoggedActivitiesDistance VeryActiveDistance ModeratelyActiveDistance LightActiveDistance SedentaryActiveDistance VeryActiveMinutes FairlyActiveMinutes LightlyActiveMinutes SedentaryMinutes Calories
1503960366 4/12/2016 13162 8.50 8.50 0 1.88 0.55 6.06 0 25 13 328 728 1985
1503960366 4/13/2016 10735 6.97 6.97 0 1.57 0.69 4.71 0 21 19 217 776 1797
1503960366 4/14/2016 10460 6.74 6.74 0 2.44 0.40 3.91 0 30 11 181 1218 1776
1503960366 4/15/2016 9762 6.28 6.28 0 2.14 1.26 2.83 0 29 34 209 726 1745
1503960366 4/16/2016 12669 8.16 8.16 0 2.71 0.41 5.04 0 36 10 221 773 1863
1503960366 4/17/2016 9705 6.48 6.48 0 3.19 0.78 2.51 0 38 20 164 539 1728 
str(df_fitness)
## 'data.frame':    940 obs. of  15 variables:
##  $ Id                      : num  1.5e+09 1.5e+09 1.5e+09 1.5e+09 1.5e+09 ...
##  $ ActivityDate            : chr  "4/12/2016" "4/13/2016" "4/14/2016" "4/15/2016" ...
##  $ TotalSteps              : int  13162 10735 10460 9762 12669 9705 13019 15506 10544 9819 ...
##  $ TotalDistance           : num  8.5 6.97 6.74 6.28 8.16 ...
##  $ TrackerDistance         : num  8.5 6.97 6.74 6.28 8.16 ...
##  $ LoggedActivitiesDistance: num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
##  $ VeryActiveDistance      : num  1.88 1.57 2.44 2.14 2.71 ...
##  $ ModeratelyActiveDistance: num  0.55 0.69 0.4 1.26 0.41 ...
##  $ LightActiveDistance     : num  6.06 4.71 3.91 2.83 5.04 ...
##  $ SedentaryActiveDistance : num  0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
##  $ VeryActiveMinutes       : int  25 21 30 29 36 38 42 50 28 19 ...
##  $ FairlyActiveMinutes     : int  13 19 11 34 10 20 16 31 12 8 ...
##  $ LightlyActiveMinutes    : int  328 217 181 209 221 164 233 264 205 211 ...
##  $ SedentaryMinutes        : int  728 776 1218 726 773 539 1149 775 818 838 ...
##  $ Calories                : int  1985 1797 1776 1745 1863 1728 1921 2035 1786 1775 ...
"\n\n"
## [1] "\n\n"
knitr::kable(summary(df_fitness))
Id ActivityDate TotalSteps TotalDistance TrackerDistance LoggedActivitiesDistance VeryActiveDistance ModeratelyActiveDistance LightActiveDistance SedentaryActiveDistance VeryActiveMinutes FairlyActiveMinutes LightlyActiveMinutes SedentaryMinutes Calories
Min. :1.504e+09 Length:940 Min. : 0 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000 Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.000 Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.000 Min. :0.000000 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0
1st Qu.:2.320e+09 Class :character 1st Qu.: 3790 1st Qu.: 2.620 1st Qu.: 2.620 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.: 0.000 1st Qu.:0.0000 1st Qu.: 1.945 1st Qu.:0.000000 1st Qu.: 0.00 1st Qu.: 0.00 1st Qu.:127.0 1st Qu.: 729.8 1st Qu.:1828
Median :4.445e+09 Mode :character Median : 7406 Median : 5.245 Median : 5.245 Median :0.0000 Median : 0.210 Median :0.2400 Median : 3.365 Median :0.000000 Median : 4.00 Median : 6.00 Median :199.0 Median :1057.5 Median :2134
Mean :4.855e+09 NA Mean : 7638 Mean : 5.490 Mean : 5.475 Mean :0.1082 Mean : 1.503 Mean :0.5675 Mean : 3.341 Mean :0.001606 Mean : 21.16 Mean : 13.56 Mean :192.8 Mean : 991.2 Mean :2304
3rd Qu.:6.962e+09 NA 3rd Qu.:10727 3rd Qu.: 7.713 3rd Qu.: 7.710 3rd Qu.:0.0000 3rd Qu.: 2.053 3rd Qu.:0.8000 3rd Qu.: 4.782 3rd Qu.:0.000000 3rd Qu.: 32.00 3rd Qu.: 19.00 3rd Qu.:264.0 3rd Qu.:1229.5 3rd Qu.:2793
Max. :8.878e+09 NA Max. :36019 Max. :28.030 Max. :28.030 Max. :4.9421 Max. :21.920 Max. :6.4800 Max. :10.710 Max. :0.110000 Max. :210.00 Max. :143.00 Max. :518.0 Max. :1440.0 Max. :4900 
noquote(paste(sum(duplicated(df_fitness)), "duplicate, GREAT"))
## [1] 0 duplicate, GREAT
noquote(paste(sum(is.null(df_fitness)), "Null value, SUPER"))
## [1] 0 Null value, SUPER
noquote(paste(length(unique(df_fitness$Id)), "Users"))
## [1] 33 Users
non_zero <- sum(df_fitness$LoggedActivitiesDistance != 0)
total <- length(df_fitness$Id)
percentage <- (non_zero/total)*100
noquote(paste(round(percentage,2), "%"))
## [1] 3.4 %

Since it only 3% of the column is available and we have other informative features than “LoggedActivitiesDistance” I will ignore this column.

Q1:How much active the users using fitbit tracker?

  • create a new dataframe having ID and Total_steps_mean and activity level
User_activity_level <- df_fitness %>%
  group_by(Id) %>%
  summarise(Total_steps_mean=mean(TotalSteps))
knitr::kable(head(User_activity_level))
Id Total_steps_mean
1503960366 12116.742
1624580081 5743.903
1644430081 7282.967
1844505072 2580.065
1927972279 916.129
2022484408 11370.645
  • Now, Categorize users into 5 activity levels based on total steps
  1. Sedentary
  2. Low active
  3. Somewhat active
  4. Active
  5. Highly active
User_activity_level <- User_activity_level %>%
  mutate(activity_level = case_when(
    Total_steps_mean < 2000 ~ "sedentary",
    Total_steps_mean >= 2000 & Total_steps_mean < 7500 ~ "low active", 
    Total_steps_mean >= 7500 & Total_steps_mean < 10000 ~ "somewhat active", 
    Total_steps_mean >= 10000 & Total_steps_mean < 12500 ~ "active",
    Total_steps_mean >= 12500 ~ "highly active",
  ))
  • Visualize the different user activity category

Majority of users are low active type, that lead us to the next question what are the factors of low activity level?

Q2: what could affect activity levels? is the weekday, month have a influnce on users?

Dataframe formatting:

  • Changing the date format in order to extract months and days to new columns
df_fitness <- df_fitness %>%
   mutate(ActivityDate=as.Date(ActivityDate, format = "%m/%d/%Y")) 

#month column
df_fitness <- df_fitness %>%
  mutate(month = format(df_fitness$ActivityDate, "%b"))

#day column 
df_fitness <- df_fitness %>%
  mutate(day = format(df_fitness$ActivityDate, "%A"))

knitr::kable(head(df_fitness))
Id ActivityDate TotalSteps TotalDistance TrackerDistance LoggedActivitiesDistance VeryActiveDistance ModeratelyActiveDistance LightActiveDistance SedentaryActiveDistance VeryActiveMinutes FairlyActiveMinutes LightlyActiveMinutes SedentaryMinutes Calories month day
1503960366 2016-04-12 13162 8.50 8.50 0 1.88 0.55 6.06 0 25 13 328 728 1985 Apr Tuesday
1503960366 2016-04-13 10735 6.97 6.97 0 1.57 0.69 4.71 0 21 19 217 776 1797 Apr Wednesday
1503960366 2016-04-14 10460 6.74 6.74 0 2.44 0.40 3.91 0 30 11 181 1218 1776 Apr Thursday
1503960366 2016-04-15 9762 6.28 6.28 0 2.14 1.26 2.83 0 29 34 209 726 1745 Apr Friday
1503960366 2016-04-16 12669 8.16 8.16 0 2.71 0.41 5.04 0 36 10 221 773 1863 Apr Saturday
1503960366 2016-04-17 9705 6.48 6.48 0 3.19 0.78 2.51 0 38 20 164 539 1728 Apr Sunday
  • Create a new dataframe that hold sum_activity and grouped by Id and month
monthly_data <- df_fitness %>%
  group_by( Id,month)%>%
  summarise(sum_activity = sum(VeryActiveMinutes, FairlyActiveMinutes,LightlyActiveMinutes,SedentaryMinutes), calories =sum(Calories))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'Id'. You can override using the `.groups`
## argument.
knitr::kable(head(monthly_data))
Id month sum_activity calories
1503960366 Apr 21423 35799
1503960366 May 13482 20510
1624580081 Apr 27360 28401
1624580081 May 16837 17583
1644430081 Apr 27091 54252
1644430081 May 14047 30087

Now after formatting our dataframe let’s see the if the month have an influence on users activity?

let’s see the if the day have an influnce on users activity?

From the graph we can see that weekend have drop in total steps and sum activity, which means that weekdays have an affect on the users activity level.

other question could be raised here is there a prefered hours to exersice?

  • By using Hourly Intensities dataset we can answer this:
df_Intensities <- read.csv(file = '~/Documents/My_website/content/post/2022-02-09-fitbit-fitness-tracker-analysis/data/hourlyIntensities_merged.csv')
knitr::kable(head(df_Intensities))
Id ActivityHour TotalIntensity AverageIntensity
1503960366 4/12/2016 12:00:00 AM 20 0.333333
1503960366 4/12/2016 1:00:00 AM 8 0.133333
1503960366 4/12/2016 2:00:00 AM 7 0.116667
1503960366 4/12/2016 3:00:00 AM 0 0.000000
1503960366 4/12/2016 4:00:00 AM 0 0.000000
1503960366 4/12/2016 5:00:00 AM 0 0.000000
  • Dataframe Formatting:
df_Intensities$ActivityHour <- strptime(df_Intensities$ActivityHour,format="%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S")

df_Intensities$Time <- format(as.POSIXct(df_Intensities$ActivityHour,format="%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S"),"%H:%M:%S")

df_Intensities$Date <- as.Date(df_Intensities$ActivityHour, format = "%m:%d:%Y")

str(df_Intensities)
## 'data.frame':    22099 obs. of  6 variables:
##  $ Id              : num  1.5e+09 1.5e+09 1.5e+09 1.5e+09 1.5e+09 ...
##  $ ActivityHour    : POSIXlt, format: "2016-04-12 12:00:00" "2016-04-12 01:00:00" ...
##  $ TotalIntensity  : int  20 8 7 0 0 0 0 0 13 30 ...
##  $ AverageIntensity: num  0.333 0.133 0.117 0 0 ...
##  $ Time            : chr  "12:00:00" "01:00:00" "02:00:00" "03:00:00" ...
##  $ Date            : Date, format: "2016-04-12" "2016-04-12" ...

From the plot it show that users tend to be more active in the hours range 5-7 much more early morning and in the evening

Q3: Is there any improvement in the users weight or average caleroies per day?

  • By using weight lig info dataset
df_weight <- read.csv(file = '~/Documents/My_website/content/post/2022-02-09-fitbit-fitness-tracker-analysis/data/weightLogInfo_merged.csv')

# I will subset the dataset because there is redundent column like weight in pound
df_weight = subset(df_weight, select = -c(WeightPounds, Fat, LogId))

knitr::kable(head(df_weight))
Id Date WeightKg BMI IsManualReport
1503960366 5/2/2016 11:59:59 PM 52.6 22.65 True
1503960366 5/3/2016 11:59:59 PM 52.6 22.65 True
1927972279 4/13/2016 1:08:52 AM 133.5 47.54 False
2873212765 4/21/2016 11:59:59 PM 56.7 21.45 True
2873212765 5/12/2016 11:59:59 PM 57.3 21.69 True
4319703577 4/17/2016 11:59:59 PM 72.4 27.45 True
  • Formatting the date column and creating month column
df_weight <- df_weight %>%
   mutate(Date=as.Date(Date, format = "%m/%d/%Y")) 

df_weight <- df_weight %>%
  mutate(month = format(df_weight$Date, "%m"))

str(df_weight)
## 'data.frame':    67 obs. of  6 variables:
##  $ Id            : num  1.50e+09 1.50e+09 1.93e+09 2.87e+09 2.87e+09 ...
##  $ Date          : Date, format: "2016-05-02" "2016-05-03" ...
##  $ WeightKg      : num  52.6 52.6 133.5 56.7 57.3 ...
##  $ BMI           : num  22.6 22.6 47.5 21.5 21.7 ...
##  $ IsManualReport: chr  "True" "True" "False" "True" ...
##  $ month         : chr  "05" "05" "04" "04" ...
  • Create a new dataset that hold average weight for each user during the two month April and May
weight_monthly_data <- df_weight %>%
  group_by(month, Id)%>%
  summarise(Weight_mean= mean(WeightKg), BMI_mean=mean(BMI))
## `summarise()` has grouped output by 'month'. You can override using the
## `.groups` argument.
knitr::kable(head(weight_monthly_data))
month Id Weight_mean BMI_mean
04 1927972279 133.50000 47.54000
04 2873212765 56.70000 21.45000
04 4319703577 72.40000 27.45000
04 4558609924 70.00000 27.35500
04 5577150313 90.70000 28.00000
04 6962181067 61.54445 24.02389
  • Visualizing users average weight and BMI during April and May, some users only have a record for the their weight and BMI in one month only

From the plot we can see that there is no big improvement in the users weight neither their BMI.

  • Let’s see users if there any increase or decrease in calories between two month

From the plot we can see that April have higher measure than May it could be due to the weather.

Conclusion:

  1. How much active the users using fitbit tracker?
  1. What factors could affect the activity level of the user?
  1. Is there any improvement in the users weight?